U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environment, Health, Safety & Security

2023 Occupational Radiation Exposure Dashboard

Welcome to the interactive data explorer that allows users to quickly examine information on occupational radiation exposure information at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The objective of this tool is for users to be able to walk through the standard metrics and information collected by the Radiation Exposure Monitoring System (REMS) in an interactive, organized, and inter-related series of graphics to provide a comprehensive overview of radiation exposure at DOE.

To interact with the data explorer, hover over any of the graphics on the screen and click on your selection for more information. Once the selected graphic is open, roll the cursor over data to enable a pop-up screen with more detailed information. When you have completed your review of the graphic, please click on the 'back' button located in the bottom left-hand corner of the graphic.

If you have any comments, questions, or suggestions concerning this tool, please contact Colette Broussard at DOE Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security (EHSS) (AU-23) at colette.broussard@hq.doe.gov.

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U.S. Department of Energy

2023 Occupational Radiation Exposure Dashboard

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Radiation Exposure Monitoring System

Query Tool

The REMS Query Tool is intended to provide quick and easy access to summary information on radiation exposure at DOE facilities. A query tool such as this is often referred to as a "Data Mart". A simple 4-step process allows the user to view and extract the most commonly requested information on occupational exposure from 1986 to the present.

  1. Select the data items of interest
  2. Select the data filters, such as a range of years, a specific site, or a reporting organization
  3. Group the data to sum it in the order of your preference
  4. View the results in a table format, or download as an Excel file

The REMS Query Tool is updated each year as annual data is collected from the sites or when the sites submit updated records. It is therefore the best place to access the most up-to-date occupational exposure data.

REMS Query Tool

During 2023

Increases in the dose and number of individuals with measurable dose were the result of increased activities involving radioactive materials, particularly at the DOE sites that comprise the majority of DOE collective dose.

  • DOE facilities continued to comply with DOE dose limits and ACL and worked to minimize exposure to individuals.
  • Although the number of monitored individuals continued to increase post-COVID, the percentage of individuals with measurable dose remained the same at 22 percent from CY 2022 to CY 2023.
  • The collective TED for transients decreased slightly from 30.81 person-rem (308.1 mSv) in CY 2022 to 29.61 person-rem (296.1 person-mSv) in CY 2023.
  • The number of individuals with measurable dose increased 10 percent from a value of 16,774 in CY 2022 to a value of 18,469 in CY 2023.
  • The collective TED increased at DOE by 6 percent from 893.1 person‑rem (8,931 person‑mSv) in CY 2022 to 949.4 person-rem (9,494 person-mSv) in CY 2023.
  • The collective CED (predominately internal exposure to U-234) decreased by 9 percent from 45.8 person-rem (458 person-mSv) in CY 2022 to 41.6 person-rem (416 person-mSv) in CY 2023.

Over the past 5 years

In CY 2019, the collective TED for DOE decreased by less than 1 percent or 0.6 person rem (60 person-mSv). In CY 2020, the collective TED for DOE decreased by less than 1 percent or 4 person-rem (40 person-mSv). Additionally, the majority (62 percent) of DOE facilities cited the COVID-19 pandemic as limiting operational activities in CY 2020. In CY 2021, the number of facilities citing the COVID-19 pandemic as limiting operational activities decreased from 62 percent to 53 percent. With the increase in the number of monitored individuals post-COVID, the percentage of individuals with measurable dose decreased to 22 percent in CY 2022 from 25 percent in CY 2021. In CY 2023, the collective TED increased by 6 percent from CY 2022, as 17 of the 33 sites reported increases in collective TED.

  • For 3 of the past 5 years, the collective dose was above the 5-year average of 776.1 rem.
  • For CY 2023, 53 percent of the DOE workforce was monitored for radiation dose, and 22 percent of monitored individuals received a measurable dose.
  • The number of individuals with measurable dose increased 33 percent (increased by 4,637 individuals) over the past 5 years.
  • The collective TED increased by 26 percent (increased by 56.4 person-rem) from CY 2019 to CY 2023.

Historical perspective

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historical-perspective.png  

1974

Policy

  • The Federal Administration Act of 1974 is signed, replacing the Federal Energy Office with the Federal Agency Administration.
  • Energy Research and Development Agency (ERDA) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) created by Energy Reorganization Act of 1974.
 

1975

Sites

  • ERDA replaces AEC to manage the Hanford site. Expansion of the gaseous diffusion plant capability at Oak Ridge Operations Office.
  • Major reactor plant modification for installation of the Light Water Breeder Reactor (LWBR) core at the Shippingport Atomic Power Station.

Geopolitical

  • Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Formally Split into Energy Research and Development Agency (ERDA) and NRC.
  • NRC Assumes AEC functions.
 

1976

Geopolitical

  • China conducts an atmospheric test (impacting the United States with environmental contamination issues).
 

1977

Sites

  • DOE assumes control of the Hanford site from ERDA.

Policy

  • The Department of Energy Organization Act is signed, abolishing the Federal Energy Administration and ERDA.
  • ERDA becomes the Department of Energy.
  • James R. Schlesinger sworn in as first Secretary of Energy.

Geopolitical

  • Publication of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Report No. 26, Recommendations of the ICRP.
 

1979

Sites

  • Three DOE contractor employees at three separate facilities received whole-body dose equivalents greater than 5 rems during 1979.

Geopolitical

  • Three Mile Island {TMI) Reactor Accident.
  • Publication of ICRP Report 30, Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers.
 

1981

Policy

  • Reagan Administration announces a nuclear energy policy that anticipates the establishment of a facility for the storage of high-level radioactive waste and lifts the ban on commercial reprocessing of nuclear fuel.
 

1982

Policy

  • Congress passes the Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA).
 

1984

Geopolitical

  • Radon gas problem identified in Pennsylvania (Reading Prong).
 

1986

Sites

  • Gaseous Diffusion Plant Shut Down (K-25).
  • Construction of Saltstone at SRS begins.

Policy

  • DOE Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP) begins.
  • DOE Policy Change from Statistical Summary Reporting to Individual Dose Records for Each Worker — 1986-1987.
  • DOE Order 5480.11, Radiation Protection for Occupational Workers, in effect — 1985-1989.
  • Internal radionuclide intakes are converted to internal doses and results reported using Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) methodology — 1985-1989.

Geopolitical

  • Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor Meltdown Occurred.
 

1987

Sites

  • N-Reactor Shut Down (RL).
  • C-Reactor Shut Down (SRS).
  • PUREX & UO3 Plants Shut Down (RL).

Policy

  • DOE Policy Change from Statistical Summary Reporting to Individual Dose Records for Each Worker — 1986-1987.
  • Issue of EPA Federal Guidance Policy Recommendations, Radiation Protection Guidance to Federal Agencies for Occupational Exposure.
  • Publication of National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements 91, Recommendations on Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation.
  • DOE Order 5480.11, Radiation Protection for Occupational Workers, in effect — 1985-1989.
  • Internal radionuclide intakes are converted to internal doses and results reported using Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) methodology — 1985-1989.

Geopolitical

  • Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty - December
 

1988

Sites

  • K-, L-, & P-Reactors Shut Down (SRS).
  • Bulk Shielding Reactor Shut Down (ORNL).

Policy

  • DOE promulgates DOE Order 5480.11, Radiation Protection for Occupational Workers.
  • EPA publishes Federal Guidance Report No. 11 (Environmental Protection Agency 520/1-88-020), Limiting Values of Radionuclide Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation, Submersion, and Ingestion.
  • DOE Order 5480.11, Radiation Protection for Occupational Workers, in effect — 1985-1989.
  • Internal radionuclide intakes are converted to internal doses and results reported using Annual Effective Dose Equivalent {AEDE) methodology — 1985-1989.

Geopolitical

  • DOE reports no DOE reactor is producing Tritium for nuclear weapons.
 

1989

Sites

  • Plutonium Fabrication Plant (PFP) Shut Down (RFETS).

Policy

  • DOE Implements both 1987 Federal Guidance and NCRP 91 in Order 5480.11.
  • November — Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Established.
  • DOE Order 5480.11, Radiation Protection for Occupational Workers, in effect — 1985-1989.
  • Internal radionuclide intakes are converted to internal doses and results reported using Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) methodology — 1985-1989.
 

1990

Sites

  • High Pressure Tritium Facility Shut Down (LANL).

Geopolitical

  • Publication of ICRP 60, 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
 

1991

Sites

  • Saltstone Waste Processing Begins (SRS).

Geopolitical

  • Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Signed.
 

1992

Sites

  • Idaho Chem. Processing Plant (ICPP) Work Scope Reduced (INEL).
  • Tower Shielding Reactor Shut Down (ORNL).

Policy

  • DOE RadCon Manual (DOE/EH-0256T) introduced.
  • Implementation of RadCon Manual — 1992-1993.

Geopolitical

  • DOE Secretary of Energy Testifies that the U.S. is Not Building Any Nuclear Weapons.
 

1993

Policy

  • Implementation of RadCon Manual — 1992-1993.
  • Publication of NCRP Report 116, Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation.
  • EPA publishes Federal Guidance Report No. 12 (EPA 402-R-93-001), External Exposure to Radionuclides in Air, Water, and Soil.

Geopolitical

  • Congress terminates the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) project.
 

1994

Policy

  • 10 CFR Part 835, Occupational Radiation Protection, becomes effective.
 

1995

Sites

  • Increased dose due to increased work in the production of power sources for NASA at LANL.
  • Dose increased due to increased days of operation and intensity of AGS accelerator; and maintenance surveys conducted on aging equipment at BNL.
  • Two key ICPP facilities were deactivated at Idaho.
  • Increased dose due to increased activities involved with decontamination and decommissioning; and the processing of potentially unstable residues for safe storage at Rocky Flats.
  • Increased dose due to elimination of spent nuclear fuel storage at K Basins and operation of the mixed low-level waste evaporator associated with tank farms at Hanford.
  • Defense Waste Processing Facility was restarted near the end of 1995 at Savannah River.

Policy

  • International Atomic Energy Agency publishes "International Basic Safety Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources" (known as BSS Safety Standards, Safety Series 115-1).
 

1996

Sites

  • Vitrification in glass canisters of highly radioactive liquid wastes begins at the West Valley Demonstration Project.
  • Collective dose was significantly reduced due to the installation of the perimeter shielding and completion of the "clean and coat" project at Hanford.
  • Reduction in exposure due to completion of major radiological work performed at the ICPP and the deactivation of two key facilities at the ICPP at the Idaho Site.
  • Doses at TA-55 were reduced due to ALARA activities at LANL.
  • Doses increased primarily due to activities in support of the restart of the Y-12 Plant involving enriched uranium operations at Oak Ridge.
  • Environmental restoration activities increased at Y-12, ORNL, and K-25 at Oak Ridge.
  • Doses increased due to increased activities and decontamination and decommissioning cleanup at Rocky Flats.
  • Activities in spent fuel storage areas decreased dramatically with shutdown of reactors at Savannah River.
  • There was one individual in 1996 who received a dose in excess of the 5 rems TED limit due to an unanticipated intake of plutonium at the Savannah Site.
  • Activities involving plutonium at LANL decreased in 1996, which resulted in decreased neutron dose by 30%.

Policy

  • 10 CFR Part 835 Full Compliance required.
  • DOE Order 5480.11 cancelled and RadCon Manual becomes "non-mandatory" following issuance of DOE Notice 441.1, Radiological Protection for DOE Activities.
 

1997

Sites

  • One individual received a dose in excess of the 5 rems (50 mSv) TED limit at LANL.
  • Decreases in the collective dose were due to reductions in such activities as materials stabilization, maintenance, and the completion of several key projects at Savannah River, Idaho, BNL, and Oak Ridge.
  • Increased plutonium recovery activities.cleanup and repackaging at Rocky Flats, LANL, and Savannah River.
  • Production of heat sources for deep-space missions, which was completed in 1997 at LANL.
  • Groundbreaking ceremony for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at LLNL.
  • Plutonium Uranium Extraction Facility (PUREX) at Hanford deactivated a year ahead of schedule.
 

1998

Sites

  • 1997 to 1998 - increase in uranium operations in Oak Ridge in support of the restart at Y-12.
  • Shutdown of several facilities, the completion of several key projects, and ALARA Initiatives at Hanford, Los Alamos, Idaho, and Brookhaven.
  • DOE announces it will dispose of defense­generated transuranic waste at Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.
  • Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project ends with remediation of the 22nd and final site at Maybell, Colorado.
  • SRS announced as the site of a plant to disassemble pits from nuclear weapons and convert the recovered metal to an oxide.
  • NIF target chamber dedicated at the LLNL.

Policy

  • 10 CFR 835 Amendment.
  • DOE-STD-1098-2008 (DOE Standard Radiological Control).
 

1999

Sites

  • One individual received a dose in excess of the 5 rems (50 mSv) TEDE limit at SRS.
  • WIPP receives 1st waste shipment.
  • Aggressive ALARA programs at Savannah River, Los Alamos, and Idaho.
  • Decontamination campaign at SRS to reduce source term.
  • Improved work practices, and a delay in several projects at Idaho due to an accident in 1998 which resulted in corrective actions that affected the work control system.
  • Workers at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) unknowingly exposed to plutonium contained in uranium sent from Hanford and Savannah River for recycling between 1952 and 1976.
  • High Flux Beam Reactor (BNL) will be closed permanently.
  • Ground breaking at ORNL for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS).

Policy

  • RadCon Manual reissued as Radiological Control Standard (RCS).
  • EPA publishes Federal Guidance Report No. 13 (EPA 402-R-99-001), Cancer Risk Coefficients for Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides: Updates and Supplements.
  • Secretary Richardson proposes legislation to compensate current and former workers at uranium enrichment facilities for cancers resulting from exposure to radioactive contaminants.
 

2000

Sites

  • Three intakes of plutonium at LANL that were in excess of the 5 rems (50 mSv) DOE annual limit.
  • One individual received exactly 2 rems (20 mSv) at LANL.
  • Reduction of source material and lowering of ambient dose rates at Rocky Flats.
  • Change in the biokinetic models used to determine internal dose from uranium intakes at the Oak Ridge Y-12 facility.
  • Reduction in operational activities during corrective actions following the plutonium intake event at LANL.
  • Fast Flux Test facility (Hanford) to be closed permanently.

Policy

  • Secretary Richardson expands proposal to compensate more than 3,000 current and former workers with a broad range of work-related illnesses.
 

2001

Sites

  • One exposure in excess of the DOE Administrative Control Level (ACL) of 2 rems at LANL.
  • Reduction in radioactive material from repackaging and shipping activities at Rocky Flats and Hanford.
 

2002

Sites

  • One individual received in excess of the 50 rems (500 mSv) annual extremity limit at LANL.
  • Increase in the number of hours of radiological work performed at Rocky Flats.
  • Increased processing of spent nuclear fuel in K-Basins at Hanford.
  • Increased work on pit manufacturing, Pu-238 fuel and heat source work, nuclear material processing, nuclear materials science, pit disassembly, and associated support at LANL.
  • Work begins on new high-level waste vitrification plant at Hanford.
  • 563rd and final shipment of TRU waste from INEL received atWIPP.
  • WVDP successfully completes nation's first radioactive waste vitrification program.

Policy

  • 25th anniversary of DOE formation.
  • DOE, EPA, and State of Washington agree to accelerate cleanup at Hanford.
  • DOE, EPA, and State of South Carolina agree to accelerate cleanup at SRS.
  • DOE, EPA, and State of Tennessee agree to accelerate cleanup of Oak Ridge sites.
  • DOE informs State of South Carolina that shipments of plutonium to SRS will begin.
 

2003

Sites

  • Two exposures in excess of the DOE 5 rems (50 mSv) annual TED limit at LANL.
  • Thermal stabilization and repackaging of plutonium-bearing materials, processing of spent fuels, and accelerated cleanup at Hanford.
  • Resumption of processing of radioactive material, special programs, and accelerated facility closure and waste processing activities at Savannah River.
  • Work activities associated with the building 9204-4 Cleanup Project at Oak Ridge.
  • TVA Off-Specification Fuel repackaging project at Oak Ridge.
  • Processing of more materials containing americium, an upgrade to the material storage vault, and the decontamination and decommissioning of the Omega West reactor at LAN L.
  • SRS downblends HEU into LEU and makes first shipment to Nuclear Fuel Services (NFS), Erwin, TN.
  • Rocky Flats makes final shipment of nuclear weapons-usable material from the site.

Policy

  • On August 19, 2003, DOE approved and issued the revised DOE Order 231.1A.
 

2004

Sites

  • One individual received in excess of the DOE ACL limit at Hanford.
  • One individual received in excess of the DOE ACL limit at Rocky Flats.
  • Rocky Flats radioactive source material was shipped off site for disposal.
  • Completion of thermal stabilization and repackaging of plutonium-bearing materials at Hanford.
  • Deactivation & decommissioning activities at the Plutonium Finishing Plant at Hanford.
  • Decreased number of tank farm entries at Hanford.
  • Completion of work, including de-inventory of a number of facilities at Savannah River.
  • Suspension of nonessential operations at LANL during the second half of 2004.
  • Decrease in the isotope production work that took place at ORNL during 2004.

Policy

  • The DOE Manual 231.1-1 A, which details the format and content of reporting radiation exposure records to DOE, was approved on March 19, 2004.
 

2005

Sites

  • Closure of Rocky Flats (cleanup considered complete).
  • Completion of several projects ahead of schedule at plutonium facilities at the Savannah River Site.
  • Decrease in the amount of work performed for the TVA Off-Specification Fuel Repackaging Project at the Oak Ridge Y-12 NSC.
  • Decrease in dose as a result of the completion of plutonium stabilization activities at the Plutonium Finishing Plant at Hanford.
 

2006

Sites

  • Delayed start-up of the Saltstone process at SRS.
  • ALARA controls to reduce direct handling of TRU drums at the SRS.
  • Reduction in the amount of work performed associated with the TVA off-­specification fuel repackaging and other special projects at the Oak Ridge Y-12 NSC.
  • Decrease in the isotope production work that took place at ORNL during 2006 due to an outage at the HFIR for the installation of the Cold Neutron Source.
  • 41 % reduction in the collective dose at the AMWTP as a result of ALARA initiatives at Idaho.

Policy

  • DOE published a proposed amendment to 10 C.F.R. 835 in the Federal Register.
 

2007

Sites

  • One individual received in excess of the DOE 5 rems limit at LANL.
  • Planned activities not performed at LANL.
  • Significant reduction in work during pause due to safety concerns at LANL.
  • Increased awareness due to ALARA initiatives at the Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project at INL.

Policy

  • 10 CFR 835 Amended.

Geopolitical

  • Publication of ICRP 103, 2007 Recommendations of the ICRP
 

2008

Sites

  • One individual received in excess of the DOE ACL limit at LANL.
  • Same individual received in excess of the 50 rems COE limit at LANL.
  • A safety-driven pause in operations at LANL.
  • Reduction in dose rates and work activities at Hanford.
  • Reduction in the number of samples processed and source term at Idaho.
 

2009

Sites

  • Accelerated clean-up at Hanford made possible by the ARRA.
  • Increased work at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) TA-55 Plutonium Processing Facility at LANL.
  • Maintenance and Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) work at TA-53 LANSCE Station.
  • Workers performing retrieval, repackaging, and shipping of radioactive solid waste at LANL waste facilities.
  • Increased D&D activities at West Valley Demonstration Project.
  • Increases in production work assigned by National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) at Pantex Plant.
 

2010

Sites

  • One individual received in excess of the DOE 5 rems limit at SRS.
  • Increased D&D activities at Plutonium Finishing Plant.
  • Increased retrieval and processing TRU waste at Hanford.
  • Waste processing including higher dose waste drums and decommissioning at Savannah River Site.
  • Isotope processing and cleanup and waste disposal at Oak Ridge.
  • Increased decommissioning and decontamination at Idaho.
  • Increased manufacturing and related weapons work, processing and shipping solid waste, and maintenance activities at LANL.

Policy

  • Effective Implementation Date for the 2007 10 CFR 835 Amendments.
  • Under the American Recovery & Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), funding for cleanup and environmental efforts resulted in a significant increase in collective dose in 2010.
 

2011

Sites

  • Implementation of handheld x-ray devices reduced amount of rework at Savannah River Site.
  • Improvements in planning, better configuration in waste storage, and increased worker awareness at Idaho.
  • Reduction of ARRA activities at Savannah River and Hanford.
  • Programs that encourage workers to track their own dose at Idaho.

Policy

  • 10 CFR 835 Revision.
  • Incorporated the update of Appendix C, Derived Air Concentration (DAC) for Workers from External Exposure During Immersion in a Cloud of Airborne Radioactive Material.

Geopolitical

  • March 11, 2011 — Fukushima Event.
 

2012

Sites

  • Increased worker awareness and planning at the Idaho Site.
  • Decrease in the number of targeted waste drums processed at the Idaho Site's Accelerated Retrieval Project.
  • Overall reduction of D&D activities and TRU retrieval at Hanford Site.
  • Solid Waste Management Facility's use of specialty tools and techniques to reduce exposure time.

Policy

  • Decreased ARRA-funded activities.
  • UNSCEAR Report - Fukushima 2012. Supplement No. 46 issued.
  • WHO report (2012) issued.
 

2013

Sites

  • A significant portion of LANL dose was accrued by workers performing retrieval, repackaging, and shipping of radioactive solid waste at TA-50 and TA-54 waste facilities.
  • Reductions at Oak Ridge were achieved through an overall decrease in radworker population throughout the complex and an approximate 2-month decrease in production work in preparation for the government shutdown during the sequestration in October 2013.
  • Significant decreases at SRS are attributed to ALARA initiatives that were employed and a host of budget issues that arose during the year.
  • The largest contributors to Hanford dose activities were glove box removal at PFP, Tank Farm activities, D&D, waste treatment, storage and handling.
 

2014

Sites

  • Curtailed work with solid waste at LANL due to the contamination release event at WIPP and its relation to LANL waste packaging.
  • Increased training exercises for the Homeland Security/Defense Threat Reduction Agency at INL.
  • Waste Management group of the ICP started the Sodium Distillation System (SDS) process in the 3rd quarter. This process included cleaning of the slide gate and replacing, installing and removing SOS equipment.
  • Implemented the tungsten tote carrier system at SRS to replace the doorstop system for transporting high radiation samples.
  • Completed SRNL Cell Window replacements at SRS.
  • Completed installation of the Raster beam line at BNL.
 

2015

Sites

  • At Idaho National Laboratory, exposure activities performed included work at the Advanced Test Reactor Complex, including experiment system operations, plant maintenance modifications, routine ATR power operations, routine ATR outage operations, and Research and Development Operations/Laboratory Support.
  • At SPRU, increased cleanup activities at SPRU resulted in a 642 percent increase in collective TED from 2014 to 2015.
  • In 2015, WVDP dose was attributed to demolition preparation work in the liquid waste cell, all three extraction cells, the off gas cell/off gas blower room, sample storage cell, and the vitrification facility.
  • WIPP continued decontamination efforts in the WIPP underground as well as resumption of limited activities.
  • At Sandia National Laboratory, there was a decrease in the number of waste and material disposition campaigns at the auxiliary hot cell facility and experiments at the annular core research reactor.
  • At PPPL, there was reduced access to the NSTX-U test cell during the first half of 2015.
 

2016

Sites

  • At Savannah River Site, an increase was due to remediating a 1950s era underground liquid waste storage tank, completing the K Area complex battery change on the radio frequency tamper indicating device, beginning down-blend operations for plutonium for eventual storage at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), and resuming process operations in portions of the H Canyon to allow for continued spent nuclear fuel dissolution. In addition, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (SRNS) personnel began cleanup of the building used to produce fuel for the deep space missions such as the Galileo space probe to Jupiter.
  • WVDP dose experienced an increase due to the facility disposition demolition preparation work in the liquid waste cell, all three extraction cells, the off gas cell/off gas blower room, sample storage cell, and the vitrification facility. The high-level waste department prepared the equipment decontamination room, vitrification tunnel, and the chemical process cell crane room for high-level waste canister movements and the removal of the first three casks containing the vitrified high-level waste. The waste operations department activities supported waste packaging and movements onsite and the preparation of the remote handling waste facility operations.
  • At Sandia National Laboratory, there was a decrease that was attributed to the no waste and material disposition campaigns occurring at the Auxiliary Hot Cell Facility (AHCF) and the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) not operating for a large part of the year.
  • At PPPL, a decrease was reported. The primary reason for this change was the shortened run-period of PPPL’s primary experiment, the NSTX-U test cell, after it went into extended maintenance. There also was a conversion from monthly to quarterly dosimetry for a portion of 2016.
 

2017

Sites

  • The collective TED increased at LANL, SRS and Oak Ridge.  The increase at LANL was due largely to increased work activities at TA-55 plutonium facility operations which were fully resumed following the 2013 shutdown.  The increase SRS can be attributed to workers engaging in work with a high potential for exposure, and at Oak Ridge, the increase in collective TED is attributed to increased project work activities at hot cell and radiochemistry facilities, and maintenance and waste handling activities at neutron research and radiochemistry facilities. 
  • The collective TED decreased at Hanford and Idaho.  The decrease at Hanford was due to a change in work activities at the plutonium finishing plant facility (PFP).  The collective TED at Idaho decreased for a variety of reasons including decreased experiment handling and shipping operations; and the installation of new engineering controls related to waste treatment efforts.
 

2018

Sites

  • At Savannah River, the collective dose decreased by 22 percent from 2017 to 2018 as activities with a high potential for exposure were completed.
  • At LANL, programmatic work at TA-55 was fully resumed and the facility was operating at increased capacity following a stand down in CY 2013.
  • Beginning May 2018, solid waste handling at LANL’s TA-54 facility transitioned to a new contractor, under DOE-EM oversight.
  • At ORNL, calendar year 2018 saw an increase in dose for project work at accelerator, radiochemistry, and some hot cell facilities, which was offset by a decrease in dose at the research reactor facility and other hot cell facilities.
  • At INL, dose increased due to loop experiment sponsor upgrade activities associated with asbestos removal from loop piping in the 1D-N primary cubicle and emergent work to replace the 1D-N inpile tube involving high radiation work in the subpile room.
  • For WVDP, the CY 2018 overall dose increased from the previous year due primarily to increased manned-entries in high dose rate areas in the Main Plant, to open air demolition activities of the Vitrification Facility and the inventorying and removal of high radiation boxes from CPC/outside storage areas into LSA-3.
  • Doses at Hanford Site remained lower as there was a transition in work activities from removal to facility demolition.
  • LLNL instituted a change in dosimetry issuance policy which resulted in a significant decrease in the monitored population.
  • At Argonne National Laboratory, the decreases in collective TED and average measurable TED are attributed to decontamination work at the Alpha Gamma Hot Cell Facility taking less time than anticipated with lower dose rates present than previously observed during the same type of work in CY 2014.
 

2019

Sites

  • Innovations at SRS, such as using drones in post closure areas and optimization process projects in support of K area plutonium down blend help to reduce radiological exposure.
  • Fermilab had 138 planned jobs reviewed and 6 ALARA plans identified and implemented, resulting in improved accelerator performance, enhanced reliability, and better control of present and future radiation exposures.
  • UMTRA added about 30 additional staff and doubled its production in CY 2019 (increasing from shipping railcars twice a week to four times a week) which attributed to the increase in dose.
 

2020

Sites

  • The Pantex Dosimetry program experienced a failure of the thermoluminescent (e.g., TLD) reading equipment, resulting in the first 3 quarters of dosimeter readings in 2020 being processed at another facility.  Dose calculations were corrected for the reader differences and a very conservative approach was utilized to ensure all dose was captured.  As a result, the dose for Pantex personnel was elevated compared to prior years.
  • The reduction in monitored individuals at Idaho was attributed to implementation of a dosimeter reduction campaign and Site access restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • UMTRA had increase in dose that was attributed to a 50% greater (on average) concentration of radium-226 in the excavated mill tailings and additional time spent in the contamination area training new employees.

Geopolitical

  • COVID-19 Global Epidemic
 

2021

Sites

  • In CY 2021, there was an increase in work at TA-55, leading to an increase in the number of personnel, and subsequently, an increase in collective dose at LANL.
  • Idaho began work on waste drum characterization and increased entries in the fuel storage facility and other high dose areas.
  • Pantex resolved their dosimetry issue and dose levels were similar to CY 2019.
  • Energy Technology Engineering Center eliminated personnel dosimeters due to no accessible radiological areas present onsite.
  • UMTRA decreased the quantity of tailings shipped by 10 percent.

Policy

  • DOE projects monumental emissions reduction from Inflation Reduction Act.

Geopolitical

  • As the COVID-19 pandemic began to lessen, many DOE sites slowly resumed radiological work.
  • Russian invasion into Ukraine
  • Zaporizhzhia, Europe’s largest nuclear power plant, threatened in Russian warfare
 

2022

Sites

  • In CY 2022, there was an increase in work at LANL TA-55, leading, to an increase in the number of personnel, and subsequently, an increase in collective dose.
  • The deactivation of 235-F was completed at Savannah River, post-closure care activities performed at closed reactor facilities; and plutonium down blending in area K which was completed ahead of schedule in FY 2022.
  • Work at West Valley Demonstration Project in an area exhibiting very high radiation levels that could not be reduced through conventional ALARA work strategies started in CY 2021, continued through most of CY 2022.
  • At Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), the majority of dose to personnel resulted from work performed during the shutdown from June 11 to November 13 of CY 2022.

Geopolitical

  • Most DOE sites have resumed radiological work as the effects of COVID-19 pandemic continued to lessen.
 

2023

Sites

  • In CY 2023, there was an atypical reduction in demand of programmatic heat source work, which contributed greatly to the observed reduction in dose at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
  • Dose at Savannah River Site increased in CY 2023 as the site set a single-year record by processing nearly 3.2 million gallons of radioactive salt waste. Also, two radioactive structures in the F Tank Farm were successfully closed and grouted.
  • The Portsmouth facility restarted plant operations in June 2022 with a graded restart from one operational line up to three during CY 2023 as operations returned to full production.  The dose is as expected and typical for 3 lines operating.

Note: Scroll over the bar for each year to see changes with respect to the Sites, Policy, or Geopolitical.

The average and collective dose at DOE facilities has experienced a dramatic (89 percent) decrease coinciding with the end of the Cold War era, due to:

  • The DOE mission shift from weapons production to stabilization, waste management, and environmental remediation activities;
  • Consolidation and remediation of facilities across the complex to meet the new mission; and
  • Improved regulations with an increased focus on ALARA practices and risk reduction.

Note: click on graph for detailed information

Components of TED

Components of TED

Collective CED by Radionuclide

Collective CED by Radionuclide

Average Measurable TED

Average Measurable TED

Air Sampling Measurements

Air Sampling Measurements

Bioassay Measurements

Bioassay Measurements

Number of Individuals with Measurable CED, Collective CED, and Average Measurable CED

Number of Individuals with Measurable CED, Collective CED, and Average Measurable CED
DOE Complex Wide
Site Data

Collective TED by Site

Collective TED by Site

Site Dose Data Comparison

Site Dose Data Comparison

Components of TED

Components of TED  
ED-Neutron by Site - 2019
Site Person-rem Percent
LANL 107.540 70.11%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 17.980 11.72%
SRS 13.087 8.53%
Idaho 4.650 3.03%
LLNL 3.349 2.18%
All Other 6.775 4.42%
 
ED-Photon by Site - 2019
Site Person-rem Percent
LANL 116.851 21.32%
SRS 113.669 20.74%
Idaho 71.768 13.09%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 52.255 9.53%
Hanford: Hanford Site 30.820 5.62%
Hanford: ORP 24.104 4.40%
Pantex Plant 21.810 3.98%
WVDP 20.459 3.73%
SRNL 16.559 3.02%
Oak Ridge: Y-12 13.298 2.43%
All Other 66.600 12.15%
 
CED by Site - 2019
Site Person-rem Percent
Oak Ridge: Y-12 48.104 94.77%
UMTRA Project 2.179 4.29%
All Other 0.478 0.94%
 
ED-Neutron by Site - 2020
Site Person-rem Percent
LANL 113.91 68.98%
SRS 18.807 11.39%
Pantex Plant 15.295 9.26%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 8.336 5.05%
All Other 8.790 5.32%
 
ED-Photon by Site - 2020
Site Person-rem Percent
LANL 116.186 21.94%
Pantex Plant 98.614 18.62%
SRS 93.406 17.64%
Idaho 78.381 14.80%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 39.330 7.43%
Hanford: ORP 12.863 2.43%
SRNL 11.227 2.12%
All Other 79.619 15.03%
 
CED by Site - 2020
Site Person-rem Percent
Oak Ridge:Y-12 50.821 90.63%
LANL 2.640 4.71%
UMTRA 2.329 4.15%
All Other 0.288 0.51%
 
ED-Neutron by Site - 2021
Site Person-rem Percent
LANL 134.723 77.69%
LLNL 17.68 10.20%
Pantex 12.62 7.28%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 10.36 5.97%
SRS 6.11 3.52%
All Other 3.645 2.10%
 
ED-Photon by Site - 2021
Site Person-rem Percent
LANL 168.265 27.74%
SRS 131.704 21.71%
Idaho 107.696 17.75%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 43.013 7.09%
Hanford: ORP 27.426 4.52%
Hanford: PNNL 17.127 2.82%
SRNL 14.866 2.45%
Hanford: Hanford Site 13.139 2.17%
Oak Ridge: Y-12 12.352 2.04%
WVDP 12.145 2.00%
All Other 60.957 10.05%
 
CED by Site - 2021
Site Person-rem Percent
Oak Ridge: Y-12 41.680 95.18%
UMTRA Project 1.314 3.00%
All Other 0.795 1.82%
 
ED-Photon by Site - 2022
Site Person-rem Percent
LANL 189.322 30.82%
SRS 116.698 19.00%
Idaho 82.947 13.50%
ORNL 51.444 8.37%
PNNL 33.264 5.42%
ORP 22.539 3.67%
Hanford Site 15.807 2.57%
Y-12 13.281 2.16%
Pantex 13.278 2.11%
WVDP 12.946 2.11%
All Other 50.466 8.22%
 
ED-Neutron by Site - 2022
Site Person-rem Percent
LANL 182.075 78.96%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 13.93 6.04%
Pantex 12.631 5.48%
SRS 11.320 4.91%
LLNL 8.421 3.65%
All Other 3.652 1.58%
 
CED by Site - 2022
Site Person-rem Percent
Oak Ridge: Y-12 43.806 95.64%
UMTRA Project 1.185 2.59%
All Other 0.814 1.78%
 
ED-Photon by Site - 2023
Site Person-rem Percent
SRS 200.935 29.29%
LANL 152.626 22.25%
Idaho 98.488 14.36%
ORNL 55.914 8.15%
Hanford: Hanford Site 21.878 3.19%
LLNL 20.801 3.03%
Hanford: ORP 20.366 2.97%
Hanford: PNNL 18.488 2.69%
Pantex 16.541 2.41%
SRNL 15.313 2.23%
All Other 64.728 9.43%
 
ED-Neutron by Site - 2023
Site Person-rem Percent
LANL 158.763 71.59%
Pantex 23.635 10.66%
SRS 16.02 7.22%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 10.704 4.83%
LLNL 7.095 3.20%
All Other 5.537 2.50%
 
CED by Site - 2023
Site Person-rem Percent
Oak Ridge: Y-12 38.757 93.25%
UMTRA Project 2.346 5.64%
All Other 0.460 1.11%
  • The collective TED increased by 6 percent from 893.125 person-rem (8,931 person-mSv) in CY 2022 to 949.395 person‑rem (9,493 person-mSv) in CY 2023, with LANL, Savannah River, Oak Ridge, Idaho, and Hanford contributing 86 percent of the total DOE collective TED.
  • The internal dose component of the collective TED decreased by 9 percent from 45.8 person‑rem (458 person‑mSv) in CY 2022 to 41.6 person‑rem (416 person‑mSv) in CY 2023 due to decreases at the Y-12 National Security Complex and Savannah River Site.
  • The collective photon dose increased by 11 percent from 615.7 person‑rem (6,157 person‑mSv) in CY 2022 to 686.1 person-rem (6,861 person-mSv) in CY 2023 due to increases at Savannah River Site and Idaho.
  • The neutron component of the collective TED decreased by 4 percent from 231.6 person‑rem (2,316 person‑mSv) in CY 2022 to 221.8 person-rem (2,218 person‑mSv).  The decrease in CY 2023 resulted primarily from decreases in collective neutron dose at Los Alamos National Lab (LANL) and Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL).
  • Seventeen of the 33 sites reported increases in the collective TED from CY 2022 values, and 15 of the 33 reporting sites reported decreases in the collective TED from CY 2022 values. One site, Separations Process Research Unit, had no change in the collective TED from CY 2022 values.
  • The five sites that contributed most (86 percent) of the DOE collective TED in CY 2023 were (in descending order of collective TED):  LANL—33 percent; Savannah River—23 percent (including Savannah River National Laboratory and Savannah River Site [SRS]); Oak Ridge—12 percent (including East Tennessee Technology Park [ETTP], Y-12, ORNL, and Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education [ORISE]); Idaho—11 percent (including Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project [AMWTP], Idaho Cleanup Project [ICP], and Idaho National Laboratory [INL]); and Hanford—7 percent.
Back

Collective CED by Radionuclide

Collective CED by Radionuclide  
Collective CED (person-rem)
Radionuclide Site 2023 %
U-234 Oak Ridge: Y-12 38.755 97.9%
U-234 PGDP 0.11 0.3%
U-234 Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.011 0.0%
U-234 Service Center Personnel 0.005 0.0%
 
Collective CED (person-rem)
Radionuclide Site 2023 %
I-125 Service Center Personnel 0.218 0.6%
I-125 LLNL 0.142 0.4%
 
Collective CED (person-rem)
Radionuclide Site 2023 %
Pu-239 LANL 0.078 0.2%
Pu-239 Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.057 0.1%
 
Collective CED (person-rem)
Radionuclide Site 2023 %
U-238 PGDP 0.099 0.3%
U-238 Service Center Personnel 0.002 0.0%
 
Collective CED (person-rem)
Radionuclide Site 2023 %
H-3 Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.034 0.1%
H-3 LANL 0.030 0.1%
H-3 SRS 0.018 0.0%
H-3 SNL 0.014 0.0%
U Total LANL 0.009 0.0%
Mix Hanford: Hanford Site 0.008 0.0%
U-235 PGDP 0.003 0.0%
U-233 Service Center Personnel 0.003 0.0%
Co-60 Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.002 0.0%
NP-237 Oak Ridge: Y-12 0.002 0.0%

Scroll over text for additional information

  • Uranium-234 (U‑234) accounted for the largest percentage of the collective CED
  • Over 98% of this dose was accrued at Y-12 due to Enriched Uranium Operations
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Number of Individuals with Measurable CED, Collective CED, and Average Measurable CED

Number of Individuals with Measurable CED, Collective CED, and Average Measurable CED  
Number of Internal Depositions
Site 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Hanford: Hanford Site 2 0 0 1 5
Hanford: PNNL 4 1 0 0 0
Idaho 2 4 1 1 0
LLNL 2 1 3 2 1
LANL 22 26 27 32 27
Oak Ridge: ORNL 1 0 2 1 2
Oak Ridge: Y-12 1,313 1,222 1,130 1,201 1,226
PGDP 3 5 14 10 10
PPPL 0 0 0 14 0
SNL 10 8 6 9 2
SRNL 0 0 0 3 0
SRS 2 9 3 5 2
Service Center Personnel 1 0 0 1 0
UMTRA 51 52 54 47 58
Total 1,413 1.328 1,240 1,327 1,333
 
Collective CED (person-rem)
Site 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Hanford: Hanford Site 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.008
Hanford: PNNL 0.006 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000
Idaho 0.093 0.059 0.012 0.032 0.000
LLNL 0.115 0.056 0.152 0.062 0.011
LANL 0.081 2.640 0.198 0.103 0.117
Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.010 0.000 0.082 0.019 0.070
Oak Ridge: Y-12 48.104 51.644 41.680 43.806 38.757
PGDP 0.044 0.096 0.257 0.261 0.212
PPPL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.000
SNL 0.036 0.051 0.068 0.027 0.024
SRNL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.191 0.000
SRS 0.007 0.034 0.026 0.044 0.018
Service Center Personnel 0.083 0.000 0.000 0.036 0.000
UMTRA 2.179 2.929 1.314 1.185 2.346
Total 50.761 57.523 43.789 45.805 41.563
 
Average Measurable CED per Deposition (rem)
Site 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Hanford: Hanford Site 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.002
Hanford: PNNL 0.002 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000
Idaho 0.046 0.015 0.012 0.032 0.000
LLNL 0.058 0.056 0.051 0.031 0.011
LANL 0.004 0.102 0.007 0.003 0.004
Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.010 0.000 0.041 0.019 0.035
Oak Ridge: Y-12 0.037 0.042 0.037 0.036 0.032
PGDP 0.015 0.019 0.018 0.026 0.000
PPPL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000
SNL 0.004 0.006 0.011 0.003 0.012
SRNL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.064 0.000
SRS 0.004 0.004 0.009 0.009 0.009
Service Center Personnel 0.083 0.000 0.000 0.036 0.000
UMTRA 0.043 0.056 0.024 0.025 0.040
Cumulative Average 0.036 0.043 0.035 0.035 0.031
  • The number of individuals with measurable CED increased less than 1 percent from 1,327 in CY 2022 to 1,333 in CY 2023, and the collective CED decreased by 9 percent.
  • The average measurable CED per deposition decreased 11 percent from 0.035 rem (0.350 mSv) in CY 2022 to 0.031 rem (0.310 mSv) in CY 2023.  Both the collective CED and the average measurable CED remained below the 5-year averages.
  • Ninety-three percent of the collective CED in CY 2023 was from uranium intakes at Y-12 during the operation and management of Enriched Uranium Operations facilities at the site.
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Average Measurable TED

Average Measurable TED  
Average TED by Site for 2019
Site Rem Site Rem
WVDP 0.147 OST 0.034
Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.131 Pantex Plant 0.032
LANL 0.113 SRNL 0.030
ANL 0.104 Ames 0.027
UMTRA Project 0.103 TJNAF 0.024
LBNL 0.079 BNL 0.023
LLNL 0.072 Hanford: PNNL 0.022
Idaho 0.064 WIPP 0.021
PORTS 0.060 SLAC 0.019
PGDP 0.056 SPRU 0.014
Fermilab 0.046 Oak Ridge: ORISE 0.011
Service Center Personnel 0.045 Oak Ridge: ETTP 0.010
Hanford: Hanford Site 0.040 KC-NSC 0.006
NNSS 0.039 PPPL 0.005
Oak Ridge: Y-12 0.037 ETEC 0.004
Hanford: ORP 0.036 Grand Junction Site 0.003
SNL 0.035 NREL 0.001
SRS 0.035
 
Average TED by Site for 2020
Site Rem Site Rem
UMTRA 0.126 Ames Laboratory 0.026
LANL 0.092 SRNL 0.026
Service Center Personnel 0.092 NNSS 0.025
WVDP 0.079 PGDP 0.023
Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.078 Hanford: PNNL 0.021
SLAC 0.073 Hanford: Hanford Site 0.020
ANL 0.071 WIPP 0.017
LBNL 0.060 OST 0.012
LLNL 0.059 BNL 0.010
Idaho 0.048 NREL 0.008
Fermilab 0.047 Oak Ridge: ETTP 0.007
Oak Ridge: Y-12 0.042 ETEC 0.006
SNL 0.037 KC-NSC 0.005
Pantex Plant 0.032 PPPL 0.004
Hanford: ORP 0.029 Grand Junction Site 0.003
TJNAF 0.028
PGDP 0.027
SRS 0.027
 
Average TED by Site for 2021
Site Rem Site Rem
UMTRA 0.121 SNL 0.029
WVDP 0.112 PORTS 0.029
LLNL 0.101 Hanford: Hanford Site 0.028
Service Center Personnel 0.093 PGDP 0.027
LANL 0.072 Ames 0.024
Idaho 0.069 WIPP 0.016
ANL 0.067 BNL 0.016
Pantex 0.059 OST 0.014
Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.055 KC-NSC 0.014
NNSS 0.048 Oak Ridge: ORISE 0.013
LBNL 0.045 SPRU 0.012
TJNAF 0.041 Oak Ridge: ETTP 0.009
Hanford: ORP 0.039 Grand Junction Site 0.006
Oak Ridge: Y-12 0.038 PPPL 0.005
Hanford: PNNL 0.032 NREL 0.000
Fermi 0.031 SLAC 0.000
SRNL 0.031
SRS 0.030
 
Average TED by Site for 2022
Site Rem Site Rem
WVDP 0.109 PORTS 0.032
LLNL 0.092 Hanford: Hanford Site 0.031
LANL 0.083 SRS 0.031
UMTRA 0.078 Service Center Personnel 0.029
ANL 0.075 BNL 0.023
Hanford: PNNL 0.062 Ames 0.022
Fermi 0.061 SRNL 0.021
Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.060 WIPP 0.018
NNSS 0.054 SPRU 0.016
Pantex 0.054 TJNAF 0.016
Idaho 0.053 Oak Ridge: ETTP 0.011
OST 0.052 Oak Ridge: ORISE 0.010
SNL 0.051 PPPL 0.005
LBNL 0.041 Grand Junction Site 0.003
Hanford: ORP 0.040 KC-NSC 0.003
Oak Ridge: Y-12 0.036 NREL 0.002
PGDP 0.036
 
Average TED by Site for 2023
Site Rem Site Rem
LLNL 0.084 BNL 0.033
LANL 0.083 Oak Ridge: Y-12 0.032
Pantex 0.071 SRNL 0.029
SNL 0.071 Hanford: PNNL 0.028
UMTRA 0.071 Ames 0.023
Idaho 0.059 SLAC 0.018
WVDP 0.059 WIPP 0.018
NNSS 0.055 TJNAF 0.017
Oak Ridge: ORNL 0.055 Oak Ridge: ORISE 0.016
Hanford: Hanford Site 0.047 SPRU 0.013
LBNL 0.043 OST 0.012
PGDP 0.043 Oak Ridge: ETTP 0.010
ANL 0.039 PPPL 0.007
Fermi 0.039 KCNSC 0.005
Hanford: ORP 0.039 NREL 0.003
PORTS 0.039 Grand Junction Site 0.002
Service Center Personnel 0.039
SRS 0.038
  • The average measurable dose to DOE monitored individuals, a key radiation dose indicator, is calculated by dividing the collective TED by the number of individuals with measurable dose.  
  • The average measurable TED decreased by 4 percent from 0.053 rem (0.530 mSv) in CY 2022 to 0.051 rem (0.510 mSv) in CY 2023. 
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Air Sampling Measurements

Air Sampling Measurements  
Air Sampling — Number of Measurements
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Site Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
Hanford: Hanford Site - 0.0% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%
Idaho - 0.0% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%
LLNL - 0.0% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%
NNSS - 0.0% - 0.00% - 0.00% - 0.00% - 0.00%
Pantex Plant - 0.0% 505 9.15% - 0.00% - 0.00% - 0.00%
SNL 97 1.6% 78 1.41% 28 0.62% 78 1.56% 49 0.82%
SRS 5,908 98.4% 4,907 88.86% 4,494 99.38% 4,910 98.44% 5,935 99.18%
WIPP - 0.0% 32 0.58% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%
Annual Total 6,005 100% 5,522 100% 4,522 100% 4,988 100% 5,984 100%
  • “Air Sampling” accounted for 13 percent of the total measurements.
  • Savannah River Site performed the largest number of air sampling measurements, comprising 99 percent of the total air measurements taken in CY 2023.

Note: The numbers shown are based on the number of measurements taken and not the number of individuals monitored. Measurements reported in "Air Sampling" are used to calculate the amount of airborne radioactive material taken into the body and the resultant internal dose.

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Bioassay Measurements

Bioassay Measurements  
Urinalysis — Number of Measurements
Site 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
ANL 484 1.7% 301 1.1% 268 0.8% 283 0.8%

241

 0.8%
BNL 13 0.0% 10 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Hanford: Hanford Site 2,402 8.4% 1,717 6.2% 2,309 7.2% 2,681 8.0% 3,122 10.9%
Hanford: ORP 1,608 5.6% 1,556 5.6% 1,973 6.2% 1,821 5.4% 2,109 7.4%
Hanford: PNNL 979 3.4% 935 3.4% 1,001 3.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Idaho 502 1.8% 480 1.7% 558 1.7% 358 1.1% 476 1.7%
LBNL 2 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 0 0.0%
LLNL 2,312 8.1% 1,109 4.0% 1,109 3.5% 1,278 3.8% 1,404 4.9%
LANL 473 1.7% 6,251 22.5% 6,861 21.5% 7,471 22.3% 9,267 32.3%
NNSS - 0.0% - 0.0% 437 1.4% 154 0.5% 219 0.8%
Oak Ridge: ETTP 93 0.3% 48 0.2% 17 0.1% 51 0.2% 68 0.2%
Oak Ridge: ORISE 40 0.1% 34 0.1% 29 0.1% 81 0.2% 27 0.1%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 791 2.8% 698 2.5% 754 2.4% 976 2.9% 1,283 4.5%
Oak Ridge: Y-12 9,653 33.9% 8,228 29.6% 9,500 29.7% 10,698 32.0% 2,123 7.4%
PGDP 1,364 4.8% 1,053 3.8% 1,602 5.0% 1,882 5.6% 2,160 7.5%
Pantex Plant - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 168 0.5%

87

 0.3%
PORTS 1,711 6.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
PPPL - 0.0% - 0.0% 64 0.2% - 0.0%
SNL 354 1.2% 370 1.3% 395 1.2% 367 1.1% 366 1.3%
SRS 4,376 15.4% 4,377 15.7% 4,926 15.4% 4,882 14.6% 4,101 14.3%
SRNL - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
SPRU - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
Service Center Personnel 603 2.1% 538 1.9% 120 0.4% 88 0.3% 1,459 5.1%
WIPP 630 2.2% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
WVDP 123 0.4% 108 0.4% 102 0.3% 125 0.4% 161 0.6%
Annual Total 28,513 100% 27,813 100% 31,961 100% 33,428 100% 28,673 100%
 
In Vivo — Number of Measurements
Site 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
ANL - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 0.0% 4 0.0% - 0.0%
BNL 161 1.6% 95 1.2% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
Hanford: Hanford Site 2,983 29.3% 2,423 30.3% 2,843 32.4% 2,860 29.9% 2,722 26.6%
Hanford: ORP 2,264 22.3% 2,033 25.4% 2,164 24.7% 2,166 22.6% 2,182 21.3%
Hanford: PNNL - 0.0% - 0.0% 1 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0%
Idaho 321 3.2% 258 3.2% 342 3.9% 340 3.6% 388 3.8%
LBNL 1 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
LLNL 275 2.7% 214 2.7% 214 2.4% 270 2.8% 274 2.7%
LANL 489 4.8% 293 3.7% 282 3.2% 271 2.8% 267 2.6%
NNSS - 0.0% - 0.0% 8 0.1% 6 0.1% - 0.0%
Oak Ridge: ETTP 58 0.6% 7 0.1% - 0.0% 7 0.1% 3 0.0%
Oak Ridge: ORISE - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
Oak Ridge: ORNL 775 7.6% 519 6.5% 816 9.3% 987 10.3% 1,362 13.3%
Oak Ridge: Y-12 558 5.5% 110 1.4% 75 0.9% 252 2.6% 560 5.5%
PPPL - 0.0% - 0.0% 5 0.1% - 0.0%
SNL 40 0.4% 37 0.5% 19 0.2% 57 0.6% 48 0.5%
SRS 1,690 16.6% 1,727 21.6% 1,801 20.5% 1,909 19.9% 1,946 19.0%
Service Center Personnel 11 0.1% 11 0.1% 8 0.1% - 0.0% 9 0.1%
SPRU - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
WIPP 144 1.4% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
WVDP 399 3.9% 282 3.5% 193 2.2% 438 4.6% 481 4.7%
Annual Total 10,169 100% 8,009 100% 8,769 100% 9,572 100% 10,242 100%
 
Fecal — Number of Measurements
Site 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
ANL - 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Hanford: Hanford Site 78 2.1% 7 0.2% 12 0.4% 30 1.1% 63 2.2%
Hanford: ORP 2 0.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Hanford: PNNL - 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Idaho  219 5.9% 150 4.5% 111 3.7% 155 5.5% 144 5.1%
LLNL 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
LANL 0 0.0% 4 0.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
NNSS 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Oak Ridge: ORNL - 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Oak Ridge: Y-12 3,443 92.0% 2,654 79.9% 2,876 95.9% 2,649 93.2% 2,622 92.7%
Pantex Plant - 0.0% - 79.9% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%
PPPL - 0.0% - 0.0% 5 0.2% - 0.0%
SNL - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 4 0.1% - 0.0%
SRS 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
WIPP 0 0.0% 507 15.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
WVDP 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Annual Total 3,742 100% 3,322 100% 3,000 100% 2,843 100% 2,829 100%
  • Three sites—Hanford Site, Office of River Protection (ORP), and Savannah River Site—accounted for 67 percent of the “In Vivo” measurements.
  • Sixty-five percent of the “Urinalysis” measurements in CY 2023 were performed at four sites: LANL, Savannah River Site, Hanford Site, and Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant.
  • Nevada National Security Site, (NNSS), East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP), and Idaho had the largest percentage increases in the number of “Urinalysis” measurements in CY 2023.
  • LANL performed the largest number of bioassay and air sampling measurements combined, comprising 20 percent of the total measurements taken.

Note: The numbers shown are based on the number of measurements taken and not the number of individuals monitored. The measurements reported as “In Vivo” include direct measurements of the radioactive material in the body of the monitored person. Examples of “In Vivo” measurements include whole body counts and lung or thyroid counts.

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Collective TED by Site

Collective TED by Site  
Site 2021 2022 2023
Ames 0.710 0.565 0.778
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
ANL 6.385 8.651 10.225
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
BNL 0.977 1.976 1.611
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
Fermilab 6.110 8.780 3.360
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
Grand Junction 0.158 0.013 0.003
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
Hanford Site 15.128 17.308 23.745
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
ORP 27.476 22.637 20.427
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
PNNL 17.127 33.264 18.488
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
Idaho 108.728 83.730 100.208
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
KC-NSC 0.920 0.110 0.312
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
LBNL 0.582 0.497 0.434
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
LLNL 17.680 22.621 27.907
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
LANL 303.186 371.500 311.506
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
NREL 0.000 0.005 0.003
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
NNSS 1.821 2.876 2.351
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
ETTP 0.468 0.701 0.577
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
ORISE 0.025 0.129 0.098
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
ORNL 53.455 65.393 66.688
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
Y-12 54.186 57.144 50.006
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
OST 0.084 0.157 0.048
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
PGDP 2.465 2.983 4.172
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
Pantex 23.755 25.909 40.176
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
PORTS 2.029 4.259 6.111
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
PPPL 0.222 0.255 0.336
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
SNL 3.092 6.477 7.959
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
SRNL 14.896 7.665 15.793
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
SRS 137.840 128.062 216.973
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
SPRU 0.012 0.016 0.013
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
SLAC 0.000 0.000 0.036
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
TJNAF 1.974 0.854 0.612
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
UMTRA 7.836 4.765 8.905
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
WIPP 1.283 0.449 0.163
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
WVDP 12.145 12.946 7.734
 
Site 2021 2022 2023
Site Totals 826.474 893.125 949.395
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Site Dose Data Comparison

  2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Site Collective Ted
(person-rem)		 Percent Change from 2018 Collective Ted
(person-rem)		 Percent Change from 2019 Collective Ted
(person-rem)		 Percent Change from 2020 Collective Ted
(person-rem)		 Percent Change from 2021 Collective Ted
(person-rem)		 Percent Change from 2022
Ames Laboratory Ames Laboratory is a government-owned, contractor-operated research facility of the DOE. For over 65 years, the Ames Laboratory has sought solutions to energy-related problems through the exploration of chemical, engineering, materials, mathematical, and physical sciences. 0.837 ◊ 0.777 ◊ 0.710 ◊ 0.565 ◊ 0.778 ◊
Argonne National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is one of the U.S. Department of Energy's largest national laboratories for scientific and engineering research. The lab’s mission is to apply a unique mix of world-class science, engineering, and user facilities to deliver innovative research and technologies. The principal radiological facilities at Argonne are the Advanced Photon Source, a superconducting heavy-ion linear accelerator (LINAC), a 22-MeV pulsed electron LINAC, and several other charged-particle accelerators. 8.650 21% 4.609 -47% 6.385 39% 8.651 35% 10.225 18%
Brookhaven National Laboratory Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) conducts research in the physical, biomedical, and environmental sciences, as well as in energy technologies and national security. BNL also builds and operates major scientific facilities which are available to university, industry, and government researchers. 3.191 -19% 1.161 -64% 0.977 ◊ 1.976 ◊ 1.611 -18%
Energy Technology Engineering Center The Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC) is located within area IV of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. The laboratory comprises four discrete operational areas with two adjacent undeveloped properties. In CY 1988, DOE decided to close the remaining ETEC operations. ETEC is currently in a safe shutdown mode, pending the completion of the Environmental Impact Statement. 0.009 ◊ 0.045 ◊            
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Fermilab provides leadership and resources for qualified researchers to conduct basic research at the frontiers of high-energy particle physics and related disciplines. The primary features of the site include the accelerator complex and associated building infrastructure, an interconnected industrial cooling water system, a housing complex for visiting researchers, row crop agriculture, and natural areas in various states of restoration. 7.060 -29% 7.850 11% 6.110 -22% 8.780 44% 3.360 -62%
Grand Junction The Grand Junction disposal site was transferred to the Office of Legacy Management in CY 2003. Legacy Management manages the site according to a site-specific Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance Plan. 0.041 ◊ 0.043 ◊ 0.158 ◊ 0.013 ◊ 0.003 ◊
Hanford:                    
Hanford Site The United States Department of Energy's (DOE's) Hanford Site sits on 586 square miles in the desert of southeastern Washington State. The area is home to nine former nuclear reactors and their associated processing facilities that were built beginning in CY 1943. Hanford reactors produced plutonium from CY 1944 until 1987. Today, Hanford workers are involved in an environmental cleanup project and remediation of the site. 32.673 21% 9.797 -70% 15.128 54% 17.308 14% 23.745 37%
Office of River Protection The DOE ORP mission is to retrieve and treat Hanford's waste and close the tank farms to protect the Columbia River. The chemical and radioactive waste is currently stored in 171 large underground tanks. ORP and its contractors are removing and transferring this waste from the older single-shell tanks to the newer double-shell tanks. This transfer of waste is to reduce the environmental risk posed by the older tanks. The cornerstone of the tank waste cleanup project is the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP). The WTP will use a technology called vitrification to immobilize chemical and radioactive waste in an exceptionally sturdy form of glass to isolate it from the environment. 24.153 -3% 13.291 -45% 27.476 107% 22.637 -18% 20.427 -10%
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Located in Richland, Washington, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is 1 of 10 national laboratories managed by DOE’s Office of Science (SC). The laboratory provides the facilities, unique scientific equipment, and world-renowned scientists and engineers to strengthen U.S. scientific foundations through fundamental research and innovation. The lab also supports Hanford site cleanup efforts by performing scientific and technical evaluations and reviews, and developing and advancing new technologies to address site cleanup challenges. 9.717 -21% 8.523 -12% 17.127 101% 33.264 94% 18.488 -44%
Idaho The primary focus of activites at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is nuclear energy research and development. The DOE Idaho office oversees three major contracts to ensure that operations and research activities are carried out safely, and in compliance with laws, regulations, and contract provisions. The Idaho Cleanup Project (ICP) focuses on addressing legacy wastes resulting from decades of widely-varied work including conventional weapons testing, government-owned research and power reactor development and testing, spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, laboratory research, and defense missions. 76.511 -12% 80.614 5% 108.728 35% 83.730 -23% 100.208 20%
Kansas City National Security Campus The NNSA Kansas City National Security Campus (KC-NSC) is responsible for manufacturing and procuring non-nuclear components for nuclear weapons, including electronic, mechanical, and engineered material components. It supports national laboratories, universities, and U.S. industry and is located in Kansas City, Missouri. 0.364 ◊ 0.493 ◊ 0.920 ◊ 0.110 ◊ 0.312 ◊
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) is a member of the national laboratory system supported by DOE through its Office of Science and is charged with conducting unclassified research across a wide range of scientific disciplines. LBNL employs approximately 4,200 scientists, engineers, support staff, and students. 1.810 79% 0.834 ◊ 0.582 ◊ 0.497 ◊ 0.434 ◊
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a DOE facility operated by the Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC management team, which includes Bechtel, the University of California, BWX Technologies, Washington Group, and Battelle. The site serves as a national resource of scientific, technical, and engineering capability with a special focus on national security. LLNL’s mission encompasses such areas as: strategic defense, energy, the environment, biomedicine, technology transfer, education, counter-terrorism, and emergency response. The types of radioactive materials range from tritium to transuranic (TRU); the quantities of each range from nanocuries (i.e., normal environmental background values) to kilocuries. 11.003 27% 8.876 -19% 17.680 99% 22.621 28% 27.907 23%
Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) conducts radiological operations in active facilities, storage facilities, facilities with legacy radiological concerns, in addition to operations in inactive facilities and areas destined for decommissioning. Radiological activities include programmatic and production work; facility construction, modification, and maintenance; and research, development, and testing. 224.472 8% 232.736 4% 303.186 30% 371.500 23% 311.506 -16%
National Renewable Energy Laboratory The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) focuses on creative answers to today's energy challenges. From fundamental science and energy analysis to validating new products for the commercial market, NREL researchers are dedicated to transforming the way the world uses energy. With more than 35 years of successful innovation in energy efficiency and renewable energy, NREL discoveries provide sustainable alternatives for powering homes, businesses, and transportation systems. 0.001 ◊ 0.030 ◊ 0.000 ◊ 0.005 ◊ 0.003 ◊
Nevada National Security Site The Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) is located approximately 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. It is a remote facility that covers approximately 1,375 square miles of land. The NNSS has been the primary location for testing nuclear experiments in the continental United States since CY 1951. 1.940 -50% 1.800 -7% 1.821 1% 2.876 58% 2.351 -18%
Oak Ridge:                    
East Tennessee Technology Park The East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP) was originally named the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant. As part of the Manhattan Project, the plant was designed to produce enriched uranium for use in atomic weapons operations during World War II. After the war, this Plant was renamed the Oak Ridge K-25 Site and produced enriched uranium for the commercial nuclear power industry from CY 1945 to 1985. In CY 1987, DOE renamed the site ETTP and began a major environmental cleanup project with the long-term goal of converting ETTP into a private industrial park. 0.186 ◊ 0.751 ◊ 0.468 ◊ 0.701 ◊ 0.577 ◊
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education ORISE is a DOE institute focusing on scientific initiatives to research health risks from occupational hazards, assess environmental cleanup, respond to radiation medical emergencies, support national security and emergency preparedness, and educate the next generation of scientists. 0.237 ◊ 0.000 ◊ 0.025 ◊ 0.129 ◊ 0.098 ◊
Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL is a multiprogramming science and technology laboratory. ORNL’s mission is to deliver scientific discoveries and technical breakthroughs that will accelerate the development and deployment of solutions in clean energy and global security, and in doing so create economic opportunity for the nation. ORNL also performs other work for the DOE, including isotope production, information management, and technical program management, and provides research and technical assistance to other organizations. 70.245 -9% 47.666 -32% 53.455 12% 65.393 22% 66.688 2%
Y-12 National Security Complex Y-12 is one of four production facilities in the NNSA Nuclear Security Enterprise. The facility’s emphasis is the processing and storage of uranium and development of technologies associated with those activities. Y-12 maintains the safety, security, and effectiveness of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile and processes highly enriched uranium for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program. 61.751 -9% 59.591 -3% 54.186 -9% 57.144 5% 50.006 -12%
Office of Secure Transportation The Office of Secure Transportation (OST) is the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) organization tasked to provide secure ground transportation of nuclear weapons, special nuclear material (SNM), nuclear weapon components, and nuclear explosive-like assemblies. OST operates both secure ground transporters and Federal aircraft, which make up the Transportation Safeguards System (TSS). The TSS Federal Agent and vehicle maintenance facilities are located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Amarillo, Texas, and Albuquerque, New Mexico. The OST Administrative Headquarters are located at Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico. 0.448 ◊ 0.025 ◊ 0.084 ◊ 0.157 ◊ 0.048 ◊
Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant The Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) is located 3 miles south of the Ohio River and is 12 miles west of Paducah, Kentucky. The plant began enriching uranium in CY 1952, first for the nation's nuclear weapons program and then for nuclear fuel for commercial power plants. In CY 1994, the enrichment facilities were leased to United States Enrichment Corporation (USEC). In August 2013, USEC notified DOE that they were discontinuing enrichment operations and planning to de-lease the enrichment facilities. 5.554 21% 2.654 -52% 2.465 -7% 2.983 21% 4.172 40%
Pantex Plant The DOE/NNSA Pantex Plant is the nation’s primary facility for the final assembly, disassembly, and maintenance of nuclear weapons. The last new nuclear weapon was completed in CY 1991. Since then, Pantex has safely dismantled thousands of weapons retired from the stockpile by the military and placed the resulting plutonium pits in interim storage. Pantex has approximately 650 buildings, including specialized facilities in which maintenance, modification, disassembly, and assembly operations are conducted. 24.248 6% 113.909 370% 23.755 -79% 25.909 9% 40.176 55%
Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant The Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PORTS) is located in Pike County, Ohio. PORTS was one of three large gaseous diffusion plants initially constructed to produce enriched uranium to support the nation’s nuclear weapons program and later enrich uranium for commercial nuclear reactors. The plant has been shut down and is currently undergoing decontamination and decommissioning (D&D). 4.289 20% 1.107 -74% 2.029 83% 4.259 110% 6.111 43%
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory The U.S. Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is a collaborative national center for fusion energy research. The Laboratory advances the coupled fields of fusion energy and plasma physics research and with collaborators, is developing the scientific understanding and key innovations needed to realize fusion as an energy source for the world. 0.391 ◊ 0.234 ◊ 0.222 ◊ 0.255 ◊ 0.336 ◊
Sandia National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) primary mission is ensuring the U.S. nuclear arsenal is safe, secure, and reliable, and can fully support our nation's deterrence policy. Sandia is the engineering arm of the U.S. nuclear weapons enterprise. Sandia’s foundation is science-based engineering, in which fundamental science, computer models, and unique experimental facilities come together so researchers can understand, predict, and verify weapon systems performance. 5.323 -9% 3.287 -38% 3.092 -6% 6.477 109% 7.959 23%
Savannah River:                    
Savannah River Site The Savannah River Site (SRS) was constructed during the early 1950s to produce the basic materials used in the fabrication of nuclear weapons, primarily tritium and plutonium-239, in support of our nation’s defense programs. Five reactors were built to produce these materials. Also built were a number of support facilities including two chemical separations plants, a heavy water extraction plant, a nuclear fuel and target fabrication facility, a tritium extraction facility, and waste management facilities. 126.763 -0% 112.247 -11% 137.840 23% 128.062 -7% 216.973 69%
Savannah River National Laboratory Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) began reporting separately from SRS effective CY 2016. SRNL supports DOE in its environmental management and nuclear security missions. SRNL applies its expertise in nuclear chemical manufacturing to assist DOE in meeting its objectives in areas, such as nuclear waste cleanup and defense nonproliferation. 16.631 97% 11.717 -30% 14.896 27% 7.665 -49% 15.793 106%
Separations Process Research Unit The Separations Process Research Unit (SPRU) is located at Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory based in upstate New York. Built in the 1940s, the buildings supported the SPRU mission to research the chemical process to extract plutonium from irradiated materials. Although equipment was flushed and drained and bulk waste was removed following the shutdown of the facilities in CY 1953, residual materials are present in the tanks, buildings H2 and G2, and interconnecting pipe tunnels. The site is currently undergoing a variety of cleanup activities, including demolition, decontamination, and remediation. 0.029 ◊ 0.000 ◊ 0.012 ◊ 0.016 ◊ 0.013 ◊
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) which opened in CY 1962, is 1 of 10 DOE Office of Science laboratories and is operated by Stanford University on behalf of DOE. Originally a premier high-energy particle accelerator laboratory, SLAC has grown into a state-of-the-art photon science laboratory. SLAC's scientific mission has diversified from an original focus on particle physics and accelerator science to include cosmology, materials and environmental sciences, biology, chemistry, and alternative energy research. 0.206 ◊ 0.146 ◊ 0.000 ◊ 0.000 ◊ 0.036 ◊
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) is one of 17 national laboratories funded by DOE. TJNAF’s primary mission is to conduct basic research of the atom's nucleus using the unique particle accelerator known as the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). 1.266 ◊ 0.607 ◊ 1.974 ◊ 0.854 ◊ 0.612 ◊
Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project The Uranium Mill Tailings Remediation Action Project (UMTRA) site is located approximately 3 miles northwest of Moab in Grand County, Utah, and includes a former uranium-ore processing facility. The site encompasses 480 acres, of which approximately 130 acres are covered by a uranium mill tailings pile. The UMTRA Project ships four trainloads of tailings to the Crescent Junction Disposal Site each week. The trains contain 144 containers of approximately 40 tons each, or a total of 23,040 tons of tailings per week. Tailing shipments began in April 2009 and are expected to continue through CY 2034. 9.748 78% 10.604 9% 7.836 -26% 4.765 -39% 8.905 87%
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is located in the Chihuahuan Desert near Carlsbad, New Mexico. This DOE facility safely disposes of the nation's defense-related transuranic radioactive waste. WIPP began disposal operations in March 1999. 1.113 ◊ 1.130 2% 1.283 14% 0.449 ◊ 0.163 ◊
West Valley Demonstration Project The West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) is a unique operation within DOE and came into being through the WVDP Act of 1980. The Act requires DOE to be responsible for solidifying the high-level waste and disposing of waste created by the solidification and decommissioning of the facilities used in the process. The land and facilities are not owned by DOE; rather, the project premises are the property of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and represent only 200 acres of the larger Western New York Service Center, which is approximately 3,300 acres, also owned by NYSERDA. After DOE's responsibilities under the Act are complete, the Act requires that the premises be returned to New York State. 20.459 -42% 8.868 -57% 12.145 37% 12.946 7% 7.734 -40%
Service Center Personnel* Includes personnel at National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), NNSA Albuquerque complex, Oak Ridge, and Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in addition to several smaller facilities not associated with a DOE site. 0.996 ◊ 3.116 ◊ 3.719 19% 0.428 ◊ 1.637 ◊
Totals 752.315 -0% 749.138 0% 826.474 10% 893.125 8% 949.395 6%
  • Note: Bold and boxed values indicate the greatest value in each column.
  • ◊ The percentage change from the previous year is not shown because it is not meaningful when the site collective dose is less than 1 person-rem (10 person-mSv).
  • * Includes service center personnel from smaller facilities not associated with a DOE site.
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