Occupational Radiation Exposure Dashboard
Supplementary
Definitions
- Administrative Control Level (ACL)
- A dose level that is established below the DOE dose limit to administratively control exposures. ACLs are multi-tiered, with increasing levels of authority required to approve a higher level of exposure.
- As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)
- The approach to radiation protection to manage and control exposures (both individual and collective) to the work force and to the general public to as low as is reasonable, taking into account social, technical, economic, practical, and public policy considerations. As used in this part, ALARA is not a dose limit but a process which has the objective of attaining doses as far below the applicable limits of this part as is reasonably achievable. [see 10 CFR 835.2]
- Average Measurable Dose
- The dose obtained by dividing the collective dose by the number of individuals who received a measurable dose. This is the average most commonly used when examining trends and comparing doses received by individuals because it reflects the exclusion of those individuals receiving a less than measurable dose. In this report, average measurable dose is calculated for total effective dose (TED) and committed effective dose (CED).
- Bioassay Measurements
- As presented in Section 3.3.4, the number of bioassay measurements is the number of measurements taken to determine the kinds, quantities, or concentrations of radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement or by analysis and evaluation of materials excreted or removed from the human body. Types of bioassay include:
In Vivo bioassay: From the Latin for "in one that is living," occurring within the living. The direct measurement of radioactive material in the human body. The number of in vivo measurements represents the number of measurements performed for all individuals during the year. - Fecal bioassay: The evaluation of radioactive material excreted in feces from the human body. The number of fecal bioassay measurements is the number of fecal samples analyzed for all individuals during the year.
Urinalysis bioassay: The evaluation of radioactive material excreted in urine from the human body. The number of urinalysis bioassay measurements is the number of urine samples analyzed for all individuals during the year.
- Collective Dose
- The sum of doses to all individuals in a population for a period of time and is used whenever the dose may refer to more than one type of dose. In cases where the type of dose is specified, the term “collective” is followed by the type of dose, such as the TED, CED, or photon. In all cases, the population is the group of DOE individuals that were monitored for occupational radiation exposure, and the period of time is the monitoring year. Collective dose is expressed in units of person-rem.
- Committed Effective Dose (CED) or (E50)
- Means the sum of the committed equivalent doses to various tissues or organs in the body (HT,50), each multiplied by the appropriate tissue weighting factor (wT)—that is, E50 = ΣwTHT,50 + wRemainderHRemainder,50. Where wRemainder is the tissue weighting factor assigned to the remainder organs and tissues and HRemainder,50 is the committed equivalent dose to the remainder organs and tissues. Committed effective dose is expressed in units of rem (or Sv). [see 10 CFR 835.2]
- Committed Equivalent Dose (CEqD) or (HT,50)
- Means the equivalent dose calculated to be received by a tissue or organ over a 50-year period after the intake of a radionuclide into the body. It does not include contributions from radiation sources external to the body. Committed equivalent dose is expressed in units of rem (or Sv). [see 10 CFR 835.2]
- Dose
- A general term for absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, committed equivalent dose, committed effective dose, or total effective dose as defined in this part. [see 10 CFR 835.2]
- Effective Dose
- Means the summation of the products of the equivalent dose received by specified tissues or organs of the body (HT) and the appropriate tissue weighting factor (wT)—that is, E = ΣwTHT. It includes the dose from radiation sources internal and/or external to the body. For purposes of compliance with this part, equivalent dose to the whole body may be used as effective dose for external exposures. The effective dose is expressed in units of rem (or Sv). [see 10 CFR 835.2]
- Equivalent Dose (EqD)
- Means the product of average absorbed dose (DT,R) in rad (or gray) in a tissue or organ (T) and a radiation (R) weighting factor (wR). For external dose, the equivalent dose to the whole body is assessed at a depth of 1 cm in tissue; the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye is assessed at a depth of 0.3 cm in tissue, and the equivalent dose to the extremity and skin is assessed at a depth of 0.007 cm in tissue. Equivalent dose is expressed in units of rem (or Sv). [see 10 CFR 835.2]
- Measurable Dose
- A dose greater than zero rem (not including doses reported as “not detectable”).
- Member of the Public
- Means an individual who is not a general employee. An individual is not a “member of the public” during any period in which the individual receives an occupational dose. [see 10 CFR 835.2] The definition of general employee is specified in 10 CFR 835.
- Number of Individuals with Measurable Dose
- The subset of all monitored individuals who receive a measurable dose (greater than the limit of detection for the monitoring system). Many personnel are monitored as a matter of prudence and may not receive a measurable dose. For this reason, the number of individuals with measurable dose is presented in this report as a more accurate indicator of the exposed workforce. The number of individuals represents the number of dose records reported. Some individuals may be counted more than once if multiple dose records are reported for the individual during the year.
- Occupational Exposure
- An individual's exposure to ionizing radiation (external and internal) as a result of that individual's work assignment. Occupational exposure does not include planned special exposures, exposure received as a medical patient, background radiation, or voluntary participation in medical research programs.
- Person-rem
- The unit of measurement used for the collective dose to all DOE Federal, contractor, and subcontractor employees.
- Rem
- A unit of dose derived from the phrase Roentgen equivalent man. The rem is equal to 0.010 Sv, which is the international unit of measurement for radiation exposure.
- Total Effective Dose (TED)
- Means the sum of the effective dose (for external exposures) and the committed effective dose. [see 10 CFR 835.2]
- Total Organ Dose (TOD)
- The sum of the equivalent dose to the whole body for external exposures and the committed equivalent dose to any organ or tissue other than the skin or the lens of the eye.
- Transient Individual
- As used in this report, a transient individual is an individual monitored for radiation exposure at more than one DOE site during the calendar year.
Acronym List
| Acronym | Description |
|---|---|
| ACL | Administrative Control Level |
| AEC | U.S. Atomic Energy Commission |
| AEDE | Annual Effective Dose Equivalent |
| AL | Action Level |
| ALARA | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
| AMWTP | Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project |
| ANL | Argonne National Laboratory |
| ATR | Advanced Test Reactor |
| BLIP | Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer |
| BNL | Brookhaven National Laboratory |
| BSRA | Battelle Savannah River Alliance |
| CEBAF | Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility |
| CED | Committed Effective Dose |
| CEDE | Committed Effective Dose Equivalent |
| CEqD | Committed Equivalent Dose |
| CEqD-SK | Committed Equivalent Dose to the Skin |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations |
| CY | Calendar Year |
| DAC | Derived Air Concentration |
| DDE | Deep Dose Equivalent |
| DOE | U.S. Department of Energy |
| DRUM | Defense-Related Uranium Mines |
| DUF6 | Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride project |
| ED | Effective Dose |
| EqD | Equivalent Dose |
| EqD-Eye | Equivalent Dose to the Lens of the Eye |
| EqD-Fetus | Equivalent Dose to the Fetus |
| EqD-ME | Equivalent Dose to the Skin of the Maximally Exposed Extremity |
| EqD-SkWB | Equivalent Dose to the Skin of the Whole Body |
| EqD-WB | Equivalent Dose to the Whole Body |
| EERE | Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy |
| EHSS | Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security |
| EM | Office of Environmental Management |
| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
| ERDA | Energy Research and Development Administration |
| ETEC | Energy Technology Engineering Center |
| ETTP | East Tennessee Technology Park |
| Fermilab | Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory |
| FRNP | Four Rivers Nuclear Partnership |
| FTE | Full-Time Equivalent |
| ICP | Idaho Cleanup Project |
| ICRP | International Commission on Radiological Protection |
| INL | Idaho National Laboratory |
| ISSC | Infrastructure Support Services Contractor |
| KC-NSC | Kansas City National Security Campus |
| LANL | Los Alamos National Laboratory |
| LBNL | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| LINAC | Linear Accelerator |
| LCLS | Linac Coherent Light Source |
| LERF | Low Energy Recirculator Facility |
| LLNL | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
| LM | Office of Legacy Management |
| mSv | Millisievert |
| NCRP | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements |
| NE | Office of Nuclear Energy |
| NETL | National Energy Technology Laboratory |
| NNSA | National Nuclear Security Administration |
| NNSS | Nevada National Security Site |
| NRC | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| NREL | National Renewable Energy Laboratory |
| NYSERDA | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority |
| O | Order |
| OpEX | Operating Experience Program |
| ORISE | Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education |
| ORNL | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
| ORP | Office of River Protection |
| OST | Office of Secure Transportation |
| PGDP | Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant |
| PNNL | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| PORTS | Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant |
| PPPL | Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory |
| rem | Roentgen equivalent man |
| REMS | Radiation Exposure Monitoring System |
| Rh-102 | Rhodium-102 |
| Rh-102m | Rhodium-102m |
| RRM | Residual Radioactive Material |
| SC | Office of Science |
| SLAC | SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory |
| SNM | Special Nuclear Material |
| SNL | Sandia National Laboratories |
| SOC | Standard Occupational Classification |
| SPRU | Separations Process Research Unit |
| STD | Standard |
| Sv | Sievert |
| TED | Total Effective Dose |
| TJNAF | Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility |
| TOD | Total Organ Dose |
| TRU | Transuranic |
| TSS | Transportation Safeguards System |
| U | Uranium |
| U-234 | Uranium-234 |
| UCOR | United Cleanup Oak Ridge |
| UMTRA | Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project |
| USEC | United States Enrichment Corporation |
| WIPP | Waste Isolation Pilot Plant |
| WTP | Waste Treatment Plant |
| WVDP | West Valley Demonstration Project |
| Y-12 | Y-12 National Security Complex |